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On Butterfly (Mandelstam)
Free texts and images.
| ← | <On Butterfly> written by Osip Mandelstam | → |
| Fragment from Journey to Armenia. The Chapter "About the Naturalists". Translated by Dmitri Smirnov. |
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Osip Mandelstam: |
- ↑ Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829) was a French soldier, naturalist, academic and an early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws.
- ↑ The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in Çeşme (Chesma) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of Chios, the site of a number of past naval battles between Turkey and Venice. It was part of the Orlov Revolt of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against Russia.
- ↑ The naval Battle of Trafalgar saw the British decisively defeat a combined French and Spanish fleet on 21 October 1805 in the most significant naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars.
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© Dmitri Smirnov, translation. Can be reproduced if non-commercial.
